From 69861846a29f049d0c36eebf2b15597516023e2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xavi <xavi@xavishobbies.org>
Date: Fri, 19 Dec 2025 13:06:31 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Added the linker error playground

Here is a project where I was just trying to figure out the nuances of
different Translation Units and the scope of variables and function.

TLDR: run gcc d.c b.c c.c and see that the linker errors

There is storage duration and linkage that can be specified for vars and
funtions.

There are four different types of Storage Duration
Automatic - which is get initialized when the block starts and dies when
the block ends
Static - which is the entire duration of the program
Thread - which i didn't get into really
Allocated - which is the typical heap allocation thingys

There are three types of linkage. Basically where can you reach a
varibale from
No Linkage - can only be refered to in the block
Internal Linkage - can only be refered to in the same TLU
External Linkage - can be reachable by any TLU in the program

This shows how defining a variable in 1 h file (a.h), which will have
external linkage because it is a file scope variables not declared
static will default to, and then #include-ing the h file in multiple
other files will lead to redefiniation exceptions thrown by the linker.

If confused see more here:
https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/storage_class_specifiers.html
---
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/a.h | 6 ++++++
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.c | 7 +++++++
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.h | 4 ++++
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.c | 8 ++++++++
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.h | 3 +++
 c_projects/linker_error_pg/d.c | 8 ++++++++
 6 files changed, 36 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/a.h
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.c
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.h
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.c
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.h
 create mode 100644 c_projects/linker_error_pg/d.c

diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/a.h b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/a.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df69349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef A_H
+#define A_H
+
+int x = 42;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.c b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1545479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "b.h"
+
+
+int b_print_x(){
+	printf("b.c: x = %d\n", x);
+}
diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.h b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edc8cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/b.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "a.h"
+
+int b_print_x();
diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.c b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0a0111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "c.h"
+
+
+
+int c_print_x(){
+	printf("c.c: x = %d\n", x);
+}
diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.h b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ae5846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "a.h"
+
+int c_print_x();
diff --git a/c_projects/linker_error_pg/d.c b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/d.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2abb6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/c_projects/linker_error_pg/d.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include  "b.h"
+#include  "c.h"
+
+int main(){
+	b_print_x();
+	c_print_x();
+	return 0;
+}